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===print_screen===
 
===print_screen===
Logging can only be disabled by 'print_screen('''false''')'. ? Using 'print_screen(true)' enables logging to LOG_0001.TXT.
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Logging can only be disabled by 'print_screen('''false''')'. ? Using 'print_screen(true)' enables logging in overwrite mode to LOG_0001.TXT. Using print_screen(n) enables logging in overwrite mode to LOG_nnnn.TXT if n>-10000. ? Using print_screen(n) enables logging in append mode to LOG_dddd.TXT if n< -10000 where d=abs(-10000-n).
  +
  +
   
 
===get_time===
 
===get_time===
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----
 
----
  +
 
==Drawings==
 
==Drawings==
 
----
 
----

Revision as of 19:57, 23 November 2012

Lua Scripting functions

This is the reference page for Lua functions which do not have an equivalent command in ubasic, or are significantly modified compared to the ubasic equivalent.

Most of the uBASIC commands are also available in Lua and can be used the same way, so UBASIC/TutorialScratchpad and Script_commands can be used as reference also for Lua.

See also the Scripting Cross Reference Page for the complete list of CHDK scripting commands for Lua and uBASIC.

Lua standard libraries

Notice Functions in this section are only available in Lua


I/O functions

In Lua there are also I/O library functions for file manipulation available, see *Lua Standard libraries

OS system functions

In Lua there are also OS library functions for operating system calls available, see *Lua Standard libraries

String manipulation functions

The standard Lua string library is available. *Lua Standard libraries

New Lua functions

Notice Functions in this section are only available in Lua

peek

(since changeset #468)

value = peek(address[,size])

Return the value in memory at the given address, or nil if the address alignment or size is invalid.

size is one of 1, 2 or 4, and specifies to whether to read a byte, half word, or word. Default is 4. (since changeset #864)

Attention

WARNING: Reading invalid addresses will crash your camera!


poke

(since changeset #520)

status = poke(address,value[,size])

Set the memory at address to value. Returns true, or nil if the address allignment or size is invalid.

size is one of 1, 2 or 4, and specifies to whether to write a byte, half word, or word. Default is 4. (since changeset #864)

Attention

WARNING: Setting random memory locations is risky. If you don't know what you are doing, don't use it. If you do know what you are doing, you know you could crash your camera, or if you try hard enough something even worse.


bitwise operations

(since changeset #468)

bitand       bitor       bitxor      bitshl
bitshri      bishru      bitnot

perform the like named bitwise operations.

These work as functions, not as operators, e.g.:

c = bitand(a, b)

bitshri

performs an arithmetic (sign extending) right shift.

bitshru

performs a logical (non-sign extending) right shift.

get_buildinfo

(since changeset #520)

get information about the running platform and chdk version. Returns a table with the members platform, platsub, version, build_number, build_date and build_time. As of changeset #606 os ("dryos" or "vxworks") and platformid (a number) are also returned.

bi=get_buildinfo()
print("platform: ",bi.platform," ",bi.platsub)
print("version: ",bi.version," ",bi.build_number," built on ",bi.build_date," ",bi.build_time)

This can be used to make scripts work around camera differences without requiring users to set anything.

Note: version in is currently just the string "CHDK". build_number contains the entire build number as a string. This isn't very convenient, and may change in the future.

get_prop

(available since build 0.6.5 / changeset #541)

With this command a Lua script can use PropertyCases without knowing the cameras propset and the propcase number.

get_prop (and set_prop) can be used with propcase.lua library which is included in the 'complete' download packages. This module loads a table which maps camera property case names the correct number for a given camera.
There are several different "property sets" known for CHDK cameras: Propset 1 on most Digic II cameras, propset 2 on most Digic III and some Digic IV, and further propsets on later Digic IV and Digic V. During the CHDK build process a Lua library with a table of the property case names and numbers is generated for each propset. These generated tables are saved in the \CHDK\LUALIB\GEN\ folder. The propcase.lua library automatically loads the correct propset table, allowing you to write scripts which use property cases by name, in a platform independent manner.

Usage:

props=require("propcase")
tv=get_prop(props.TV)

get_prop_str / set_prop_str / binstr

(available since changeset #1306)


The Lua commands get_prop_str, set_prop_str and binstr can be used to access arbitrary sized propcases from Lua.


Usage:

 val=get_prop_str(prop_id,length)
  • get the value of a PropertyCase as a string
  • numeric values may be extracted using string.byte or or the binstr.lua module
  • returns the value as a string, or false if the underlying propcase call returned non-zero


status=set_prop_str(prop_id,value)
  • set propertycase value as a string. Length is taken from the string
  • numeric propcase values may be assembled by setting byte values using string.char or the binstr module
  • status: boolean - true if the underlying propcase call returns 0, otherwise false


Both of the above use Lua strings, which can contain any sequence of bytes.


binstr:

Because many of the values you'd want to get/set at are numbers or arrays of numbers, a lua helper module called binstr is available to convert to and from strings for use with the above.


The binstr module has 3 functions:

string=binstr.pack(value[,size])
  • value is a number or array of numbers
  • size is the number bytes to use from each number, default is 4, valid values are 1-4
  • returns a lua string


num=binstr.getnum(str[,size[,pos]])
  • extract size bytes from string into number, starting at pos
  • size defaults to 4,
  • pos defaults to 1
  • returns a number (without sign extension) or nil if pos is outside the string


array=binstr.unpack(str[,size])
  • split every size bytes of str into numbers and return as an array
  • size defaults to 4


usage:

bs=require('binstr')
wbdata=bs.unpack(get_prop_str(0x10d,0x1c)) -- return propset 3 white balance as 7 ints


In all cases, the numbers are assumed to be little endian


file_browser(path)

(since changeset #1359; since #1360 works better)

This function allows you to run regular CHDK file browser from the script. When user will select a file, the command will return the string - a path to the selected file.

The 'path' given as an argument is the startup directory for the file browser.

Example code runs file browser in SCRIPTS directory and prints the path to the selected file:

--[[
@title select a file
--]]

startup_dir="A/CHDK/SCRIPTS"
file=file_browser(startup_dir)
print(file)

When user will not select any file (in example exit file browser by pressing 'menu' button) command wil return nil value.

Once browser is run by script it behaves exactly as CHDK file browser with all options - user can copy, cut and paste files, do RAW processings and other things that are allowed in browser run from menu. There's no way to control the things user can do.


RAW development

(available since CHDK version 0.8.4 / changeset #594)

There are the following four new functions for merging RAW images directly in the camera:

  • set_raw_develop("filename")
Develop RAW on next shot. If filename is nil (or omitted), any pending raw develop is canceled.
  • raw_merge_start(operation)
Start merging process, operation is a number: 0=sum 1=average. Other=error.
  • raw_merge_add("filename")
merge a file
  • raw_merge_end()
complete the merge operation.
Notice

Notes:

  • Error checking is minimal. If you pass an invalid filename, things may silently fail. If you call raw_merge_add or raw_merge_end without calling start first, or call raw_merge_start multiple times without an intervening end, the results are undefined.
  • The RAW merge stuff runs in the same task as the script (the keyhook task), while raw operations from the menu run from the spytask. This appears to work, but it's a bit suspect.

Sample script

This script demonstrates the usage of the RAW development commands, it performs the requested RAW operation on n files.

  • You can specify what exposure number to start at, or use 0 to specify the most recent.
  • The script works by counting down through the files until it find enough RAW files, so they don't need to be sequential.
  • It can optionally develop the resulting file.
  • The merged file will be named with the number of the last merged file, which will be the lowest number found.
--[[
@title raw merge and develop
@param a op: 0=sum 1=avg
@default a 1
@param b start file: 0=latest
@default b 0
@param c files to merge
@default c 4
@param d develop ? 0=n 1=y
@default d 0

based on work by fudgey and dsvilko
http://chdk.setepontos.com/index.php/topic,2646.0.html
--]]

rawpath="A/DCIM/100CANON/"
rawprefix="CRW_"
rawext=".CRW"

-- no range check, so we can check error cond
operation=a
-- limit 1-9999
start=b
-- sanity check ?
numfiles=c
develop=d~=0
--RAW_OPERATION_SUM=0
--RAW_OPERATION_AVERAGE=1

function fastshoot()
  press("shoot_half")
  repeat 
    sleep(1)
  until get_shooting() == true
  log("shooting...")
  press("shoot_full")
  release("shoot_full")
  release("shoot_half")
  repeat
    sleep(1)
  until get_shooting() ~= true
end

function leadingzeros(num)
	local zs=""
	if num < 10 then
		zs="000"
	elseif num < 100 then
		zs="00"
	elseif num < 1000 then
	    zs="0"
	end
	return zs .. num
end

logfile=io.open("A/rawops.log","wb")
io.output(logfile)

function log(...)
	io.write(...)
	io.write("\n")
end

if start == 0 then
	start = get_exp_count()%10000
end

raw_merge_start(operation)

log("raw_merge_start(",tostring(operation),")")

count=0
i = start
log("merging ",numfiles," files start at ",start)
while count < numfiles and i > 0 do
	-- so we can get the name to develop
	rawbasename=rawpath..rawprefix..leadingzeros(i)
	rawname=rawbasename..rawext
	log("trying ",rawname)
	if os.stat(rawname) then
		log("raw_merge_add_file(",rawname,")")
		raw_merge_add_file(rawname)
		count = count + 1
	end
	i = i - 1
end
log("merged ",count," files")

log("raw_merge_end()")
raw_merge_end()

if develop then
	log("developing...")
	-- only develop in rec mode
	if get_mode() then
		-- assumes input files were .cr*
		developname=rawbasename..".WAV"
		log("set_raw_develop(",developname,")")
		set_raw_develop(developname)
		fastshoot()
	else
		log("not in record mode")
	end
end
log("done!")
logfile:close()

Flash parameters

(available since CHDK version 0.8.7 / changeset #607)

Note: please update List of Params as you see fit.

Canon cameras store some parameters in onboard flash memory. These functions allow you to query them.

  • num=get_flash_params_count()
num is the number of parameters. Parameters are numbered starting form zero.
  • str,num=get_parameter_data(id)
str is the parameter value as a lua string, which may contain embedded NULLs or other non-printable characters. If the size of the flash parameter is 4 bytes or less, a second value is returned, containing the parameter value as a number. If the parameter id is invalid, or the parameter size is 0, then nil is returned for both values.

Notes

  • parameter IDs and meanings vary between cameras. Using them will make your script non-portable, unless your script has code to check what camera it is running on (using get_buildinfo) and select the correct parameter IDs for each camera.
  • You can find useful parameter IDs in the CHDK source.
  • Setting parameter values is not supported yet.

Sample script

This script dumps the parameters from the internal flash memory and write them to a logfile paramdmp.log on the root folder of the memory card.

Notes:

  • The parameter IDs may vary between cameras, so scripts using them will not be portable !
  • This script is included in the 'complete' download packages from the Autobuild server


--[[
dump parameters from internal flash memory
NOTE:
parameter ids may vary between cameras, so scripts
using them will not be portable
--]]
logfile=io.open("A/paramdmp.log","wb")
for i=0,get_flash_params_count()-1 do
        s,n = get_parameter_data(i)
        logfile:write(i,": ")
        if s then
                -- string as hex
                for j=1,s:len() do
                        logfile:write(string.format("0x%02x ",s:byte(j)))
                end
                -- string quoted
                logfile:write(string.format("[%q]",s))
                -- as number, if available
                if n then
                        logfile:write(string.format(" 0x%x %d",n,n))
                end
        else
                logfile:write("nil")
        end
        logfile:write("\n")
end
logfile:close()

set_curve_state

(available since CHDK version 0.9.6 / changeset #709)

Set the status of curve function for postprocessing in scripts:

set_curve_state(n) n: 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 = None, Custom, +1EV, +2EV, AutoDR


get_meminfo

meminfo=get_meminfo([heapname]) get camera memory information heapname="system" or "exmem" if not given, meminfo is returned for heap used by CHDK for malloc meminfo is false if the requested heapname isn't valid ("exmem" when exmem is not enabled, or unknown) otherwise, a table of the form

meminfo = {
    name -- string "system" or "exmem"
    chdk_malloc -- bool, this is the heap used by CHDK for malloc
    chdk_start -- number, load address of CHDK
    chdk_size -- number, size of CHDK image
    -- all the following are numbers, will not be set if not available
    start_address
    end_address
    total_size
    allocated_size
    allocated_peak
    allocated_count
    free_size
    free_block_max_size
    free_block_count
}

notes

  • under vxworks and cameras without GetMemInfo only the only valid fields for the system heap will be those defined by chdk and free_block_max_size
  • the meaning of fields may not correspond exactly between exmem and system

LogicalEvent API

See Lua/Lua_Reference/Levent


Event procedure and native function API

See Lua/Lua Reference/Native Function Calls


Changed Lua commands

Notice

This section lists commands which are available both in Lua and in uBasic.
It describes differences or improvements in the syntax / behaviour of these commands


print_screen

Logging can only be disabled by 'print_screen(false)'. ? Using 'print_screen(true)' enables logging in overwrite mode to LOG_0001.TXT. Using print_screen(n) enables logging in overwrite mode to LOG_nnnn.TXT if n>-10000. ? Using print_screen(n) enables logging in append mode to LOG_dddd.TXT if n< -10000 where d=abs(-10000-n).


get_time

(available in Juciphox build since changeset #487)

get_time delivers a selectable part of the current date or time

→ Additional, optional parameters: Y[ear], M[onth], D[ay], h[our], m[inute] or s[econd]
Usage: get_time("unit") , where unit can be Y[ear], M[onth], D[ay], h[our], m[inute] or s[econd] ([ ]=optional/example)

Note: you might want to use os.date instead.

get_mode

(available since CHDK version 0.6.7 / changeset #545)

Returns the active mode of the camera (3 values): bool is_record, bool is_video, number mode. The mode number is a bit field with several different values, exactly as would be returned by mode_get() in the CHDK C code. See the CHDK source for more information.

See also capmode.

Usage:

rec,vid,mode=get_mode()

Sample script

modestrings={
	'AUTO',
	'P',
	'TV',
	'AV',
	'M',
	'PORTRAIT',
	'NIGHT',
	'LANDSCAPE',
	'VIDEO_STD',
	'VIDEO_SPEED',
	'VIDEO_COMPACT',
	'VIDEO_MY_COLORS',
	'VIDEO_COLOR_ACCENT',
	'VIDEO_COLOR_SWAP',
	'STITCH',
	'MY_COLORS',
	'SCN_WATER',
	'SCN_NIGHT',
	'SCN_CHILD',
	'SCN_PARTY',
	'SCN_GRASS',
	'SCN_SNOW',
	'SCN_BEACH',
	'SCN_FIREWORK',
	'SCN_COLOR_ACCENT',
	'SCN_COLOR_SWAP',
	'VIDEO_HIRES',
	'SCN_AQUARIUM',
	'COLOR_ACCENT',
	'SCN_NIGHT1',
	'SCN_ISO_3200',
	'SCN_SPORT',
	'SCN_KIDS_PETS',
	'INDOOR',
	'KIDS_PETS',
	'NIGHT_SNAPSHOT',
	'DIGITAL_MACRO',
	'SCN_FOLIAGE',
	'VIDEO_TIME_LAPSE',
	'SCN_INDOOR',
	'SCN_PORTRAIT',
	'SUPER_MACRO',
	'VIDEO_PORTRAIT',
	'VIDEO_NIGHT',
	'VIDEO_INDOOR',
	'VIDEO_FOLIAGE',
	'VIDEO_SNOW',
	'VIDEO_BEACH',
	'VIDEO_AQUARIUM',
	'VIDEO_SUPER_MACRO',
	'VIDEO_STITCH',
	'VIDEO_MANUAL',
	'SPORTS',
}
rec,vid,mode=get_mode()
print("rec:",rec,"vid:",vid)
print("mode:",mode,tostring(modestrings[bitand(mode,0xFF)])) -- 0xFF is MODE_SHOOTING_MASK
sleep(2000)

Drawings


Since changeset #1479 you are able to put simple graphical elements on the screen. You can draw pixels, straight lines, ellipses, rectangles and even text strings. The basic drawing commands are described below. For more complicated and better-controlled drawing try to use commands from drawings.lua module. This module is described here: Lua Drawings Module.

Commands available are:

  • draw_pixel( x, y, cl )

Puts pixel at (x,y) coordinates with a color cl;

  • draw_line( x1, y1, x2, y2, cl)

Draws a line that begins at (x1,y1) and ends at (x2,y2) with a color cl;

  • draw_rect( x1, y1, x2, y2, cl, th)

Draws a rectangle border which top-left corner is at (x1,y1), bottom-right at (x2,y2), with color cl and thickness of th pixels (thickness is an optional parameter, defaults to 1);

  • draw_rect_filled( x1, y1, x2, y2, cl1, cl2, th)

Similar to above, but the border will be filled with color cl2;

  • draw_ellipse( x, y, a, b, cl)

Draws ellipse shape which center is at (x,y), half-height is a, half-width is b and color cl [note: you can not specify thickness for an ellipse (yet?)];

  • draw_ellipse_filled( x, y, a, b, cl1, cl2)

Similar to above, but the shape will be filled with color cl2;

  • draw_string( x, y, t, clt, clb)

Draws (writes?) a string t, at (x,y) where letters have color clt and background has color clb. You can not specify font and font-size (yet?).

About Colors

In general you can use two types of colors - Canon palette, which is specific for each camera or more portable CHDK script palette.

  • Canon palette colors are numbers in a range 0-255. They are different for various cameras and even on one camera palette differs between modes (play, rec and even more). For example number 100 might for one camera mean blue in rec mode and yellow on play mode but for another camera red in rec mode and white in play mode.
  • CHDK script palette are numbers between 256-273 and they mean:
  1. 256 transparent (no color)
  2. 257 black
  3. 258 white
  4. 259 red
  5. 260 dark red
  6. 261 light red
  7. 262 green
  8. 263 dark green
  9. 264 light green
  10. 265 blue
  11. 266 dark blue
  12. 267 light blue
  13. 268 grey
  14. 269 dark grey
  15. 270 light grey
  16. 271 yellow
  17. 272 dark yellow
  18. 273 light yellow

Note 1: Not all colors are exactly the same and exist on all cameras. You might expect, that every camera should have transparent, white, black, red, green and blue colors. In some cameras other tones might default to these basic colors. Nevertheless, CHDK script palette is much more portable.

Note 2: Everything, that you draw on a screen will be wiped away, when screen is updated (for example on camera rotation, OSD changes and maybe in other cases. These simple Lua drawings are quite ephemeral.